法律上的“唯一正解”——从德沃金的学说谈起

司法判断中是否存在“唯一正解”的问题长期聚讼纷纭。当代法理学大师德沃金针对哈特的司法裁量理论而提出在包括疑难案件在内的任何案件中都存在一个“唯一正解”,因而受到了波斯纳从经济分析法学立场出发的批评,而更有力的挑战则可能来自当代的“不可公度”理论,但各家的学说实际上乃立足于不同的底盘。在价值多元流动的困境中,人类依据目前的智识和智慧尚无法对这个问题得出肯定的回答与否定的回答,为此只能将求得解决问题的理想委之于法的实践理性。

The "Only Right Answer" in Law: About Dworkin's Theory

There is a dispute since long time over the problem of whether there exists an "only right answer" in jurisdiction. Ronald Dworkin, the contemporary master of jurisprudence, argues against H. L. Hart's theory of jurisdiction and proposes that there exists an "only right answer" in all cases including the difficult ones, and is thus criticized by Bosner from the standpoint of e-conomical-analytical jurisprudence. But more powerful challenge would come from a current theory of "no common ground", and, in fact, various theories come from different foundations. In a dilemma of multiple value movement, humans could not get a positive or negative answer on this problem by hitherto intellect and wisdom. In this case, the ideal of solving this problem can only be laid upon the practical reason of law.