20世纪末关于中国考古学走向的争论--以俞伟超和张忠培的观点为中心

自20世纪80年代起,中国考古学界出现了对本学科的整体反思.俞伟超与张忠培被分别视为"新派"和"传统派"的代表,他们的争论成为反思中的焦点.分析两位先生的观点及研究论文后,可以发现他们的实际取向相近或可互补.考古学研究应同历史学、人类学更紧密地联合,还是应返回资料本身,建立自己的理论体系?这两种主张以对立的面貌出现有其学术史上的原因.曾为一代学者所熟练运用的多学科结合的研究方法反成为现今学者的未来目标,提示出学科设置乃至社会思潮等对学术研究的影响,这些均是造成上世纪末考古学反思中产生分歧的因素,且对理解中国考古学的未来走向相当重要.

A Debate on the Tendency of Chinese Archaeology at the End of the 20th Century --Focusing on the Views of Mr. Yu Weichao and Zhang Zhongpei

Since the 1980s, Chinese archaeology has involved her self into a whole introspective discussion. Mr.Yu Weichao and Zhang Zhongpei were respectively regarded as the representatives of the new school and the traditional one and therefore their debate became the focus of this reconsideration. After a careful research of their papers, it is clear that they are actually inclined to be approachable and can complement each other. Should archaeological research be associated with history and anthropology more closely, or regress to data and found up her theory systems? Some elements in academic history can partly explain the coexistence of the two opposite opinions .A generation of scholars once used skillfully the method of associated multi subject, which is considered as a dreamboat by scholars of the present. This phenomenon shows that the setup of subjects and the trend of thought in society, which are also the elements to bring divergent views into reconsideration, influence pure research. All these are important for understanding the future of Chinese archaeology.