抗战前清华之成长与民国大学变革

民国时期的清华原本是预备学校,虽有盛名,但学术起点并不高。南京政府成立后,当局为培养建设人才,知识界为实现学术独立,遂联手进行了一系列努力。清华是其中的典型个案之一。经过惨淡经营,清华在短期内实现了跨越式发展,成长为近代化大学,并最终成为高水平研究型大学。到1934年初步定型为止,清华已成为中国最重要的学术中心之一,也成为中外学术交流的首要平台。清华的成长,对民国知识界也有重要意义。它很大程度上突破了知识界的单极格局,促成了非教会大学的崛起,并与其他学校共同打造了一个富有弹性、活力与竞争力的知识共同体。在大学史上,清华的成长,也意味着一种新的大学范型在中国的崛起,自此,肇始于美国的近代大学逐步强势,日渐取代德国式古典大学在中国的主导地位。从国际上看,清华与北大等都已建成为远东顶尖、国际蜚声的名校。它们当时代表了世界不发达国家的最高学术水平,并对日后的抗战和新中国建设影响深远。

The Modernization of Tsinghua and the Transfermation of Modern China Intelligentsia

During the Republic of China era,Tsinghua was an emerging top university in China. Whereas it was just a preparatory college for the USs university up to 1925. Once Nanking GMT Administration founded,all aspects endeavoured to establish a series of out-standing universities in order to adapt the surging National-state appeals. Consequently Tsinghua,a previously preparatory college,came from behind and became a paradigm of these booming universities. It sprang up in merely 5 years or so and transformed into a world-class university,which means high-quality talent training,academic excellence(research intensity),prominent social undertaking and worldwide fame. By 1934,when it rudimentarily shaped as a comprehensive university encompassing liberal arts,natural scineces,social sciences,engineering and agriculture,Tsinghua had be acknowledged as the Guru of modern China academia. Such a great-leap-forward development was of significance then and there. From then on,Tsinghua always parallelled with Peking University to date. In the first half of 20th century,they ascendeded into top universities in the Far East and standed for the Summit of undeveloped countires,nay,they made a significant contribution to both Modern China and Contemporatory China.