俄罗斯社会转型的历史动态轨迹

千年以来,俄罗斯的社会发展经历了六次重要的社会转型,以国家定位、治理体制和社会结构三者的关系为主线通过梳理和对比分析,认为俄罗斯社会转型的历史轨迹表现在:第一,治理体制与社会结构之间一直存在着无法弥补的张力。因此其社会转型具有“突变”性。第二,社会发展道路上存在着“西化”与“东方化”的矛盾。这反映在两个方面,一是治理体制的“东方化”和现代化实现路径的“西化”矛盾,二是文化的“西化”与社会结构的“东方化”矛盾,因此其社会转型存在着“西化”与“东方化”摇摆不定性特征。第三,在国家定位上存在着帝国意识膨胀与自身实力欠缺的冲突。也就是通过国家资源的垄断而导致的形式上的强大缺乏社会后劲的支持,因此其社会转型存在着间断性与跳跃性共存的特征。

Some Discussions on Social Transition in Russia

Some reasons for the six social transitions in Russia are discussed from nation orientation,administration system and social structure.First,there has been a tension that can not be made up between the administration system and social structure by which abrupt social transitions occur.Second,there is contradiction between "oriental"and"western" ways of development which is reflected by the contradiction of the "oriental administration"and the "modernization in westernized way" and the contradiction of the "westernized culture" and the "oriental social structure",so the social transitions sway between these two sides.Third,in the nation orientation,there is conflict between the expansion of empire awareness and the weakness of power which results from the formal mightiness by the monopoly of national resources without support of the whole country,so the discontinuous and leaping social transitions occur.