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Human Interindividual Variability–A Major Source of Uncertainty in Assessing Risks for Noncancer Health Effects
Authors:Dale Hattis  Ken Silver
Institution:Center for Technology, Environment, and Development, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01610.;Boston University, School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Abstract:For noncancer effects, the degree of human interindividual variability plays a central role in determining the risk that can be expected at low exposures. This discussion reviews available data on observations of interindividual variability in (a) breathing rates, based on observations in British coal miners; (b) systemic pharmacokinetic parameters, based on studies of a number of drugs; (c) susceptibility to neurological effects from fetal exposure to methyl mercury, based on observations of the incidence of effects in relation to hair mercury levels; and (d) chronic lung function changes in relation to long-term exposure to cigarette smoke. The quantitative ranges of predictions that follow from uncertainties in estimates of interindividual variability in susceptibility are illustrated.
Keywords:Interindividual variability  noncancer risk assessment  pharmacokinetics  pharmacodynamics  Monte Carlo simulation
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