奶业社会化服务水平评价指标体系构建及其障碍度研究

奶业社会化服务对促进奶业高质量发展具有重要意义，但对其评价指标体系以及发展障碍的研究相对不足，不利于把握其在各地的发展现状与方向，其对奶业高质量发展的促进作用因此受限。文章从饲养、繁育改良、防疫治病等7个方面选取21项指标构建了奶业社会化服务评价指标体系，运用熵权TOPSIS模型、障碍度模型对2011—2020年我国奶制品十大主产区的奶业社会化服务发展水平的时空演变特征及其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明：在奶业社会化服务发展水平层面，山东表现突出，黑龙江、内蒙古等地服务发展水平与奶业产出水平失衡，服务发展水平在地理分布上具有东部地区普遍优于西部地区的特点。在影响因素层面，来自繁育改良服务、供给主体规模等子系统的影响较为显著，尤其是子系统中种畜拥有量、生鲜乳冷藏服务水平、奶牛养殖龙头企业数等指标平均障碍度较高，影响较大。该评价指标体系的建立与障碍度的测算具有重要意义，将有助于早日建立高效且广泛覆盖的奶业社会化服务体系，推进奶业振兴。

Construction of Evaluation Index System for Dairy Socialized Services Level and Research on Its Obstacles

Socialized services in the dairy industry are vital for high-quality development. Yet, insufficient research on evaluation metrics and obstacles hampers understanding of its status and direction, limiting its impact on high-quality development. The article constructed a dairy socialized service evaluation index system by selecting 21 indicators from seven aspects, such as feeding, breeding and improvement, disease prevention and treatment, etc., and analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of the development level of dairy socialized service and its influencing factors of the top ten major dairy producing areas in China from 2011 to 2020 using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS model and the obstacle-degree model. The results indicate that: in terms of the development level of dairy socialized services, Shandong is outstanding, the level of service development in Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia is out of balance with the level of dairy output, and the level of service development is geographically distributed in a way that is generally better in the eastern region than in the western region. In terms of influencing factors, the impact from subsystems such as breeding and improvement services, the scale of service providers is notably significant. The article particularly notes the significant influence of factors such as the level of poultry ownership, the fresh milk refrigeration services, and the number of leading dairy farming enterprises. Establishing evaluation metrics and measuring obstacles is crucial academically. It will expedite the creation of an efficient, comprehensive socialized service system in the dairy industry, furthering its revitalization.