The containment and expulsion of wayward soldiers in the U.S. military |
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| Institution: | 1. VA VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Waco, TX, USA;2. VISN 2 Mental Illness Research, Education And Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA;3. Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;4. Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA;5. Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA;6. Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA;1. Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia;2. Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia;3. Military and Emergency Services Health Australia, The Hospital Research Foundation Group, The University of Adelaide, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia;4. Open Arms – Veteran & Families Counselling, Department of Veterans'' Affairs, Canberra, Australia;5. Joint Health Command, Joint Capabilities Group, Australian Department of Defence, Australia |
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| Abstract: | The U.S. Armed forces manage deviant soldiers, sailors, and airmen by either punishment while they remain in uniform, or by expulsion with stigma. This article divides court material rates for the period 1941 to 1979 into two categories with regard to whether or not stigmatized soldiers were punished within the confines of the military system or punished and expelled. It finds that the military does not expel the overwhelming majority of those who have committed serious offenses—in that a court martial is an indicator of seriousness. Soldiers who are expelled from the military are more likely to have a problem with their persona than with their behavior. Patterns of stigmatized expulsion do not follow the war-peace cycle. Social order imposed in a complex institution that is grounded in caste-like distinctions produces a distinctive kind of “outsider.” Labelling theory offers an explanation. |
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