哈萨克斯坦共和国民族政策取向：从“主体民族化”到“国家民族”之构建

哈萨克斯坦共和国民族政策取向经历了由“主体民族化”到构建“国家民族”的调适过程。虽然政府采取措施积极化解独立初期民族政策的缺陷及其负面作用，但要在政策层面引导国民认同或成功塑造一个公民性的民族——“哈萨克斯坦人”，仍任重道远。哈萨克斯坦是一个多样民族、多种语言、多元文化的国家，因此，“多元统一”始终是国家的重大课题和建构民族政策的核心。

On the Orientation of Kazakhstan's Ethnic Policy

The orientation of Kazakhstan＇s ethnic policy has shifted from the nationalization of the majority nationality to the nationalization of the country. Although the country has taken measures to decrease the defects and negative effects of the ethnic policy adopted at the beginning of the country＇s independence, it has a long way to go to the reorganization or molding of a nation of its people. As a multinational, muhilingual and multicultural country, Kazakhstan has to focus on multi-unification and formulate its ethnie policy accordingly.