老年人社会照料和医疗服务使用的不均等性分析

文章利用集中指数(CI)及其分解方法衡量了中国老年人在社会照料和医疗服务使用中的不均等性,以及各因素对不均等的贡献率。结果表明,相对于医疗服务,老年社会照料使用中存在明显的由非需要类变量引起的亲富人不均等,各因素对二者不均等性的影响方向基本一致,其中收入和城乡分布是不均等的主要根源,社区服务和保险等因素也都表现出了不同的影响和变化趋势。作者建议按照老年人的实际需要分配照料服务资源,并将老年服务纳入城乡和地区均衡发展战略。

Unequal Access to Social Care and Medical Care Utilization among the Elderly

Long-term care and medical care are two factors that affect elderly people’s quality of life.Using CI index and its decomposition method,this study measures the inequality of elderly people’s utilization of social care and medical care,and each factor’s contribution.The empirical results find that the inequality in social care is much more serious than that in medical care,and the urban-rural income gap is main source of the inequality.Moreover,community services and insurance present different impacts and change trends.In conclusion,care resources should be distributed according to actual needs of the elderly without the influences of socioeconomic status.The balanced development strategy should include promoting medical and social care to the elderly,increasing elderly service facilities in rural areas and keeping the development of community caring services in balance among different regions.