从"安治天下"到"万民忧乐"——论黄宗羲对传统民本思想的发展

民本思想萌芽于殷周时期,经过先秦、秦汉唐宋的发展,至明末清初时期发展到极限。但在明清以前,思想家关注的主要是如何"安治天下",而并不是维护民众的利益,君主仍是万民之主。黄宗羲对天下和君主做了区分,以"万民忧乐"作为评判天下治乱的标准,并从这一角度对君民关系做了新的探讨,从而使儒家民本思想达到了历史的高度。

From Making the Country Stability to Concerning the People's Worry and Happiness——On the Development that Huang Zongxi Made to the Thoughtthat the People Are the Foundation of Country

It rose very early at the history of Chinese political theory that the people are the foundation of country.It had appeared bud at the dynasty of Yin Zhou,and developed to its extreme at the period of the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty.But the thinkers' attention is how to make the country stability,but not stick up for the interests of the people.Huang Zongxi differentiated the world and the monarchy,and thought that the people's worry and happiness should be the standard of the worl...