“谁”特指问与否定的相通性研究

从疑问和否定两大范畴的宏观角度入手,以"谁"为疑问标记的特指问为例,在前人关于"谁"特指问表否定用法的基础上,通过重点考察"谁知……"式、"谁说……"式、"谁叫……"式和"谁+不/没"式等四种常见的表否定意义的句式,揭示了现代汉语两大句法范畴———疑问和否定的相通性。"谁"特指问同否定的相通源于"谁"的任指用法和虚指用法,用于反问句中的"谁",既可相当于任指意义下的"无人",又可表示虚指意义下的"无人",也就是说"谁"在特定的语境中指代的对象仅仅是一个空泛的概念而已,它并不像任指那样含有"人人"的意思,因此所指代对象既可能存在也可能不存在。

The Relativity between shui Question and Negation

In this study,we try to reveal the relativity between category of Question and Negation on the basis of the previous studies of "shui" question’s denying usage,through the emphasis on the structure of "shuishuo ……","shuizhi……","shuijiao……"and "shuibu/shuimei……".The interlinked nature from the relativity between category of Question and Negation is from any means usage and virtual means usage of "shui".This is because it means "nobody" related to either the sense of representing,but also that false sense in the rhetorical question."shui" is it just a vague concept,referring to the object on behalf of either may or may not exist.