农户劳动力资源配置的微观决策

对甘肃10个样本村入户调查资料的统计分析显示，目前农村劳动力资源配置呈现出两个基本特征：一是农户家庭普遍采取兼业化模式，二是个体劳动力有明显的专业化趋势。针对这一特征，建立农户家庭劳动力兼业化配置模型和个体专业化配置模型以理论解释，并通过计量实证考察了农户家庭与个体在劳动力配置决策中的影响因素。研究表明：目前农户劳动力资源配置是基于边际劳动价值、预期收入、风险和就业转移成本等因素的理性决策。对农村劳动力进行技能与教育投资，建立并完善农村信贷和保险市场，降低农业生产和城市部门就业风险，是加快推进家庭专业化的政策重点。

Micro Decision of the Rural Labor Resources Allocation

Statistical analysis made on survey data from 10 villages in Gansu Province shows that there are two basic characteristics of rural labor resources allocation: one is that household allocation of labor resources generally adopts a part-time pattern; another is that the individual labor force has obvious specialized tendency. Accordingly, this paper theoretically explains the characteristics by establishing a model of part-time farming household and specialized individual labor and the influential factors in the labor allocation decision process. The study shows that the labor force allocation is based on the rational decision of marginal labor value, expected income, risk and the cost of employment transfer. The key to the policies to accelerate process of family specialization is to invest in education and skill, establish and improve the rural credit and insurance market, reduce the risk of agricultural production and urban employment.