亚轨道商业飞行的法律规制

近年来,已有多家企业利用新研发的亚轨道飞行器,开展了以旅游观光为目的的亚轨道商业飞行,亚轨道飞行的商业运输发展势头愈来愈猛.由于空气空间和外层空间的定界一直悬而未决,亚轨道飞行的法律地位也因此处于模糊地带.目前仍缺乏具体有效的国际公约对亚轨道商业飞行进行法律规制,现有的航空法公约和空间法公约能否适用以及如何适用于亚轨道商业飞行成为关键问题.与此同时,以美国、欧盟为代表的国家和地区纷纷制定了亚轨道商业飞行的相关法律规则,以国内法对亚轨道商业飞行活动进行监管并促进其发展.结合相关国际法和国内法的相关规定,对亚轨道商业飞行器的管辖权问题及其造成的损害赔偿责任等方面进行深入研究分析,旨在系统梳理亚轨道商业飞行的法律规制现状,为中国发展亚轨道商业飞行并建立相关监管制度提出初步建议.

Regulation of Suborbital Commercial Flights

In recent years, many companies use newly developed suborbital vehicles to carry out suborbital commercial flights for the purpose of tourism.The commercial development momentum of suborbital flights becomes more and more fierce.Because the delimitation between airspace and outer space is problematic, the legal status of suborbital flights becomes highly controversial.There is no special international regulation on suborbital commercial flights, whether the present aviation convention and space convention areapplicable and how to apply them to suborbital commercial flights becomes an important issue.Meanwhile, represented by the United States and the European Union, many countries and regions enacted some special legal rules of suborbital commercial flights to regulate the suborbital commercial flights activities and promote its development with domestic law.Combining with the relevant international law and domestic law, this thesis analyzes the jurisdiction of the suborbital commercial flights and the liability issues, aims at presenting the current situation of legal regulation of the suborbital commercial flights systematically and puts forward some suggestions to promote the development of suborbital commercial flights and establishment of relevant legal regime in China.