英国城市公用事业的现代化轨迹

英国城市公用事业的所有权与经营方式经历了一个螺旋形的发展过程。19世纪初为完全私营,到世纪中叶开始市营,19世纪末20世纪初市营进程进一步加快。第二次世界大战后工党对城市公用事业实施了国有化,80年代撒切尔政府则再次实行私有化。这个螺旋式变化当然不是简单的回归,而是英国市场经济从"非理性"向"理性"和成熟的市场经济发展的必然。

The Modernization Road of the British Urban Utilities

British urban utilities experienced a roundabout development which began with the full private companies ownership and management, followed by city- and state-ownership and management. By 1980s, the urban utilities were again turned into the private hands in various ways. The process was not a simple return but a natural and necessary trend. That the market economy of Britain evolving from a non-reasonal economy to a reasonal one represents the necessity of the modernization process of urban utilities.