The childbirth experience: A systematic review of predictors and outcomes |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Edge Hill University, UK;2. School of Community Health and Midwifery, University of Central Lancashire, UK;1. Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;2. School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health and Care Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Rwanda, Rwanda;3. Obstetric Unit, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden;1. Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400/2º andar. CEP, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;2. Postgraduate Programme in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400/2º andar. CEP, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;3. Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology and Department of Statistics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400/2º andar. CEP, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;1. University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, 47 Avenue de Champel, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland;2. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, 30 Boulevard de la Cluse, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland;1. University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing, Department of Women, Children and Family Health Science, Chicago, IL, USA;2. Karolinska Institutet, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Division for Reproductive Health, Stockholm, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundBirth is often viewed as a pathological event, consequently, there has been an increase in literature focusing on predictors, experience and implications of traumatic childbirth and childbirth-related posttraumatic stress. However, to fully understand childbirth experiences a salutogenic perspective is required. This enables an understanding of what facilitates a positive childbirth experience besides what places women at risk of experiencing traumatic childbirth.ObjectiveTo identify the psychosocial factors that could contribute to or be influenced by women’s subjective accounts of childbirth.MethodAn in-depth literature search across four databases was undertaken. Quality appraisal based on internal and external validity was conducted and a combined numerical summary and categorical description were undertaken.FindingsNineteen papers were included in the review and the variables grouped into three categories. The variables relate to ‘Measures of labour and birth experience’ (discussing the impact of events and perceptions during labour and birth). The second category discusses how ‘support and relationships’ can potentially shape the birth experience or be altered by it and finally, ‘Psychological variables: influence and impact’ is examined extensively.DiscussionThe results of the review highlight significant contradictory evidence of what influences birth experiences. The findings confirm the dearth of available literature concerning positive birth experiences and most variables identified were pathogenic. This review suggests that such factors for PTSD may differ from those that influence birth experiences and should be examined separately. An enhanced understanding of the range of experiences is required to support women’s rights in achieving a positive birth. |
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| Keywords: | Systematic review Childbirth experience Psychological trauma Women Positive birth |
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