中国家庭育儿成本——基于等价尺度福利比较的测度

利用2016年CLDS和CFPS数据,基于等价尺度Engel模型法和Rothbarth模型法,精确估算了中国家庭孩童抚育成本。研究显示,与仅有两个成人没有孩子的家庭相比,一孩家庭总支出将提高63.91%至67.62%,二孩家庭总支出将提高139.28%至149.99%(孩均提高69.64%至75%),二孩抚育并未显现出“规模经济”。家庭育儿成本随孩子年龄增大而提高,城镇家庭育儿成本普遍高于农村家庭,城乡家庭间存在基于人口特征的差异化支出偏好。基于中国育儿成本等价尺度测度的政府差异化育儿津贴补助模拟分析表明,发放差异化育儿津贴可有效缓解家庭育儿经济负担并缩小家庭间收入差距。

The Child Costs in Chinese Family:A Welfare Estimate Using Equivalence Scale

Using 2016 CLDS and CFPS datasets,this essay accurately estimates the household child-cost in China using Equivalence Scale based on Engel Model and Rothbarth Model separately.It illustrates that,compared to childless couple,the total expenditure for one-child households in China usually rises from 63.91%to 67.62%,and 139.28%to 149.99%(69.64%to 75%per child)for the two-child households.There is no evidence for economies of scale in child breeding.In addition,the cost of children usually enhances when children grow up.It is generally higher in urban households than rural households,and there are various preferences in expenditure between urban and rural households based on demographic characteristic.The sinmlation analysis of government differentiated child-care allowance subsidy based on equivalent scale measure of child-care cost in China shows that,differentiated child-rearing allowance can effectively alleviate the economic burden of child-rearing and narrow the income gap between families.