中国城镇劳动力市场中的过度教育——测量改进与收入效应

过度教育是否会造成收入惩罚?这是国际教育匹配领域长期争论的议题。本研究聚焦中国城镇劳动力市场,使用2003—2015年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据分析过度教育的收入效应,最终得到以下结论:第一,通过改进教育匹配的测量方法,发现我国城镇劳动力市场过度教育的发生比例约为35%。第二,通过线性回归发现过度教育会造成收入惩罚,并且这种收入惩罚持续存在。第三,将历年高考录取率和各省专业技术人员比例作为工具变量的分析,进一步证明了过度教育的收入惩罚效应。以上结论意味着,通过宏观政策促进教育和职业匹配,对于实现更加充分的劳动力就业具有重要现实意义。

Overeducation in Chinese Urban Labor Market:Measurement Improvements and Income Effects

Does overeducation cause income punishment?This is a controversial topic for a long-standing in the field of education matching.This study focuses on over education in the Chinese urban labor market,using the datasets from Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS 2003-2015)to examine the wage effect of overeducation.The conclusions are as follows:Firstly,by improving the measurement method of educational matching,it founds that 35%of respondents have been overeducated in the urban labor market.Secondly,linear regression results show that excessive education can cause income penalty,which persists over survey periods.Thirdly,instrumental variable model,including the national college entrance examination admission rate by years and the proportion of professionals and technicians by provinces,demonstrates that overeducation can cause income penalty.The above conclusions suggests the importance of macroeconomic policies to promote the matching between education and occupation,which is of great significance to facilitate better employment of the labor force.