非市场失灵理论与中国市场经济实践

文章以中国从传统的计划经济向社会主义市场经济体制转轨的实践为背景,在借鉴国内外学术界对“市场失灵”研究的基础上,对中国在这一特定时期所产生的非市场失灵——特别是寻租、腐败和权力经济问题——进行了分析,提出了相对于市场失灵理论的“非市场失灵理论”。非市场失灵指由非市场因素导致的资源配置的低效率,即存在于市场机制之外的非市场机制,使市场不可能实现帕累托最优。非市场失灵主要包括内部性、私供产品和不公正分配,相对于市场失灵的外部性、公共产品和不对称信息。

A Theory of Non-market Failure and China's Process of Market Economy

With the practice of China's transition from a traditional planned economy to a socialist market economy as the background, the fact of China's non-market failure, especially the issues such as rent-seeking, corruption, and power economy, is analyzed. Under the enlightement of the theory of market failure, the article comes to the conclusion that China's reform is largely influenced by the non-market failure. The non-market failure indicates the low efficiency, i.e., the non-Pareto efficiency of resources allocation caused by the non-market factors which consist of internalities, private goods and distribution injustice.