清代苗疆土地政策的嬗变与帝国权威的下移

屯田是清政府贯穿始终的苗疆土地政策。乾咸时期，清政府在苗疆采取“抑客护苗”的政策，如汉苗隔绝措施、汉民禁侵苗产、规范汉苗土地交易契约、严控汉民置买苗产、打压高息借贷、严惩流官渎职等来保护苗民的经济利益，维护苗疆的政治稳定。从留存的清水江文书可知，咸同“苗乱”之后，中央政府制定了详细的善后措施，将苗疆田产分为常业、本业、屯业、存业、叛业、绝业等。与清代前期实施的政策相比，体现出帝国权威不断下移，直接触及到苗疆乡村社会。

The Changes of Miao Land Policy in the Qing Dynasty and the Downward Moving of Imperial Authority

Opening up wasteland has been aconsistent land policy of the Qing Dynasty in the Miao frontiers.From the sovereignties of Qianlong to Xianfeng,policies in favor of the Miao people were adopted to protect the Miao people and maintain political stability.It can be seen from historical documents that after the Miao’s rebels in Xianfeng and Tongzhi periods in the late Qing Dynasty,many rehabilitative measures were taken,showing the downward moving of imperial authority compared with the earlier policies.