试从《蒙田随笔全集》论蒙田的历史观

透过蒙田随笔中的历史倾向，我们可以发现支配他认识历史的历史观。在蒙田对非欧民族民俗的叙述中，他表现出一种积极的“非欧”文化历史观；在对政治事件的过程及政治人物命运的评述中，他流露出既尊崇道德而赞同君主制度，又赞同君主制度而反对基督教道德的开明君主政治史观；在历史发展问题上，他持相对主义观念思考历史，从而导向运动发展的历史观：一方面，他从心智出发，确定世界没有变化，另一方面，由于他将历史奠基在观念上，他又内在地预见了另一种历史观，即运动发展的观念。此外，蒙田还重视充分发挥历史知识在教育上的作用和意义。

On Meng Tian's Historical Viewpoint Based on Complete Collection of Meng Tian's Essays

We could find Meng Tian＇s view on history from his historical inclination in his book, The Complete Collection of Meng Tian＇s Essays, which reflects his approach to the understanding of history. In his narration about the non - European customs, he showed an active ＂ non - European＂ historical attitude. In his remarks and appraisement on political events and the destiny of politicians, he revealed his respect for morality and appreciation of monarchism, but opposition to Christian ethics. When discussing on the development of history, Meng Tian was always a relativist, which led him to a dynamic and developmental view on history. On the one hand, he was sure that the world did not change in terms of mind and wisdom. On the other hand, as he thought that history was based on views, he foresaw internally another historical view, that is, history was dynamic and developing. That apart, Meng Tian emphasized on the function and significance of historical knowledge in education.