中国道路交通外部成本估计——北京案例研究

根据非常保守的估算,尚未包括汽车的钻石性物品效应,2000年北京市道路交通外部成本占GDP的份额介于1.745%～5.296%.若根据上下值的平均(3.52%)估计,北京每辆机动车每年的平均外部成本约为人民币10 000元.其中,因空气污染造成的损失占一半以上.必须反思当前的汽车消费政策.有必要使机动车所有者支付其所造成的外部成本,对机动车与汽油的收费应该明确反映这一目的.

Estimation of External Costs of Road Transport: A Case Study of Beijing

According to our conservative estimation,the external costs of road transport in Beijing in 2000 accounts for 1.745% to 5.296% of GDP.Such estimation excludes the diamond goods effect of cars.Using the average of this estimation,the average external costs per vehicle in Beijing is around RMB10,000.Among them, air pollution accounts for more than half of the total costs.These figures make us reflect current automobile policies.It is essential to make motor vehicle owners to pay for the external costs generated,and charges on motor vehicles should clearly indicate this purpose.