北宋的集权与分权

北宋最高统治者为加强君主专制的中央集权而采取了一系列集权与分权措施,主要有:(1)打击藩镇势力,将地方的兵权、财权和赏罚刑政之权等收归中央;(2)加强中央集权,按“分割事权”的原则设置各级政府;(3)为加强中央集权,不仅分割事权,还分散军权。分析这些措施的利弊得出如下结论:中国传统政治制度中的集权与分权的思想和实践,并不具有现代的意义,与西方社会自近代以来形成的集权分权理论具有本质的区别。

Centralization and decentralization in North Song Dynasty

This article discusses centralization and decentralization measures that of the North Song government took to fortify the absolute centralized monarchy, which mainly include : the cut of the power of the local seigniors and the withdrawal of the local military, financial and administrative power; division of the administrative power of government at all levels; decentralization of the local military power. It also analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these measures and points out that the theory and the practice of centralization and decentralization in traditional Chinese political system are distinct from those developed in the west and are inapplicable to the modern times.