美国与核不扩散机制的建立、危机及对策

自核武器出现以来，美国曾经积极倡导建立国际核不扩散机制。国际核不扩散机制的建立，对于制止核扩散、遏制和延缓新的核国家的出现，维护世界和平与稳定起到了积极作用。但是，当前国际核扩散形势十分严峻，不扩散机制面临严重危机，其主要原因在于美国推行的旨在建立单极世界的霸权战略，对国际安全构成整体性威胁，损害了不扩散机制的权威性。此外国际核不扩散机制本身存在的制度缺陷也是一些国家先后跨过核门槛的重要原因。而要解决核扩散危机，作为世界惟一超级大国和头号军事强国美国，对国际军控与防扩散进程的作用是决定性的。因此美国等核大国只有转变安全观念，在防扩散方面尽快达成协议，并取得实质性成果，才能维护全球战略平衡与稳定。还要对现有的国际核不扩散机制加以改进和完善。使其更加适应新的时代发展要求，真正做到有效地防范核扩散，维护世界的和平与安宁。

The United States and the Foundation, Crisis and Countermeasure of Nuclear Nonproliferation Mechanism

Since the emergence of nuclear weapons, the United States has ever suggested actively the international nuclear nonproliferation mechanism. The foundation of the international nuclear nonproliferation mechanism plays an important role in refraining nuclear proliferation, restraining and postloning the emergence of new nuclear countries and maintaining world peace and stabilization. But now the international nuclear situation is serious and the nonproliferation mechanism is facing crisis. The main reason is that the hegemony stratagem pushed by America that aims at founding a unipolar world threatens the world peace and damages the authority of the nonproliferation mechanism. Besides the limitations in the international nonproliferation system itself is an important reason that some countries stride over the nuclear doorsill. If the nuclear proliferation crisis is to be solved, the United States, as the only superstate and number one military power in the world, plays a decisive role in the process of international military control and prevention of nuclear proliferation. As a result, when the nuclear great powers, such as America, change the security ideas, come to an agreement in preventing nuclear proliferation and get material results, global strategic balance and stabilization can be maintained. At the same time, the existing international nuclear nonproliferation mechanism should be improved and perfected in order to fit the requirement of a new period, prevent nuclear proliferation effectively and maintain the world peace.