中国古典文论中的“言”“意”辩考

“言”和“意”是中国古典文艺美学中的一对美学范畴,其关系问题是中国古典文论的核心问题之一。“言”和“意”的关系主要是指语言能否准确无误地描绘社会生活或自然景观,表达作家的主观意图或思想情感。对这一问题的回答一开始就存在着分歧:儒家认为“言能尽意”,道家却认为“言不尽意”。魏晋至唐宋的理论家也各执一端,并在此基础上派生出虚实、形神、意境等重要理论命题。本文认为“言”“意”关系的实质是语言和思维的关系,并且与虚实关系、形神关系、意境关系同根异脉,血肉相连。

Discussion on "Words" and "Ideology" of Chinese Classical Literature

"Vords" and "Ideology" are a pair of aesthetics categories of Chinese classical literature and the problem concerning their relationship is one of the key problems of Chinese literature.The relationship between "Words" and "Ideology" mainly implies whether "Words" can accurately describe the social life or natural landscape,express the author's subjective point of view or ideological emotion.At the beginning,people have different opinions about the answer to the problem: Confucianism thinks "Words" can completely convey ideology,but Taoist doesn't think so.The oreticians in the Wei,Jin,Tang and Song dynasties also stick to their own argument and show no room of a compromise.So on the basis of this,some important theoretical propositions like false or true,form and content and artistic mood are derived. This paper reports that the essence of relationship between "Words" and "ideology" is the relationship of the language and thought which has the same root with diffent branches and is as close as flesh and blood with the relationship of false and true,form and content and artistic mood.