霍布斯政治合法性思想探析

霍布斯从抽象的人性原则和人类的理性与经验出发，阐释了国家的起源及其合法性基础，即人们自己通过缔约建立“国家”，但人们所缔之约是“带剑”的契约。为保障政治秩序和维护社会稳定，霍布斯主张给予主权者超越于法律和臣民之上的权力。同时他也主张为个人的自由留下空间：一是在“法律沉默下”的自由，二是自我防卫的自由；并规定了主权者的义务：保卫人民的安全是其根本义务，人民的安全是最高的法律。如此，霍布斯游弋于极权与自由的两极之间，耕耘一生也没有找到突破口，从而留给我们一个充满悖论又富有启发意义的思想体系。

Comment on Hobbes's Thoughts of Political Legitimacy

Hobbes explains the origin and legitimacy of the State from the Abstract principle of human nature and from the human reason and experience.People establish a state through contract though it is the association of a contract with the sword.To protect the political order and maintain social stability,Hobbes left sovereign the power to override the law and its subjects and space for individual freedoms,the first one being the freedom under the law of silence and the second the one of self-defense.Sovereign ob...