《论语》中君子含义的演变

孔子把君子概念由对贵族的尊称转变为对有德之人的尊称,这种转变在当时起到了激励新兴阶层自强不息的作用.但由于这种转变既保留了君子概念中的尊贵传统,又强调了内心高贵,从而在君子概念中隐藏了外在与内在之间的矛盾.君子德性成为只有少数人才能实现的贵族道德,普通民众被贬低为小人,伪君子开始出现.

The Evolvement of the Meaning of Gentleman in the Analects of Confucius

Confucius transformed the concept of gentleman from a honorific title for aristocrats to that for virtuous men,which encouraged the newly arisen stratum in society to strive endlessly at the time.But because the transformation both inherited the ancient honorable meaning and emphasized inner nobleness,it resulted in extrinsic and intrinsic contradictions in the concept of gentleman.Thus,as gentleman virtue became an aristocratic moral and could only be practiced by very few people,ordinary populace were dis...