英雄伦理与抗争行动的持续性——以鲁西农民抗争积极分子为例

在中国乡村抗争研究中，农民抗争的动机经常被理解为一种“受损逻辑”。虽然受损逻辑能够部分解释抗争行动的发起，但却不能解释在利益补偿、伦理关系修复的情况下，抗争为何会继续进行。本文在对鲁西农民抗争积极分子进行研究的基础上指出，推动抗争积极分子持续抗争的动机是一种由抗争行动本身带来的、突出的、不同于受损逻辑的“英雄伦理”。这种英雄伦理发展出了互助连带机制、等级区分机制和友情再造机制等三种机制，从而推动着抗争的持续进行。然而，这三种机制在推动抗争持续进行的同时，也存在着各自内在的限制。最后，笔者讨论了“英雄伦理”对于理解中国乡村抗争政治的贡献。

The Hero Ethic and the Continuity of Protest Action: A Case Study of the Protest Activists in Western Shandong

The logic of damage has been widely used to explain the motivation of rural protesters in China. In such an explanatory frame, rural protests are triggered by situations when interest or ethics is damaged. However, this theory can only partially explain the emergence of a protest but cannot account for its continuation after protesters’ interests have been compensated for or their ethical relationships have been restored. This paper is about a case study of the rural protest activists in western Shandong. The motive of the activists’ continued protest is generated by the protesting action itself – the hero ethic, which is apparently different from the logic of damage. This hero ethic produces three mechanisms of mutual cooperative connections, status differentiation, and friendship rebuilding to keep protest activities going. To be specific, the mechanism of mutual cooperative connections retains the activists in the protesting group and lets them earn higher reputation with their persistent effort. When ordinary followers quit the protest because of various dilemmas, the mechanism of status differentiation distinguishes the activists from the rest and propels them to protest with even more courage. When the protest activists become disappointed with their original community, the mechanism of friendship rebuilding will be developed to get meaning of their actions outside their rural community, although such a mechanism has its own limitations, for example, group disintegration due to status competition. In the last part of the paper, the author discusses the special contribution of the hero ethic to the understanding of the rural protest politics in China.