实体与虚无——论西方宇宙观的嬗变

从古希腊到近代,西方占主导地位的宇宙观是实体论,认为神所创造的宇宙是一个不生不灭、无盈无缺、单一完满的存在,宇宙之本原或始基是实体。20世纪,经过尼采振聋发聩的呼号,在海德格尔、萨特等一大批哲学家的影响之下,“虚无”终于由叔本华、克尔凯郭尔等的“旷野呼告”发展成为了西方思想界蔚为壮观的大潮。到了20世纪下半叶,实体(连同上帝)已经瓦解,“虚无”已经像一个挥之不去的幽灵一样来到西方。

Substance and Nothingness: On the Change of Western World View

From the ancient Greece to the modern age,western dominant world view was ontology,which thought the world was created by God and an eternal universe,whose origin was substance.In the late 20th century,influenced by some great philosophers,nothingness became the great thought stream in western countries,substance vanished,nothingness was like an everlasting spirit in western countries.