职位性别隔离与收入分层

本文旨在从职位隔离的角度考察性别不平等问题,并为性别收入分层提供新的解释.利用1978年-1988年的企业调查数据发现,由于存在纵向的职位性别隔离,使得同工同酬和男女收入差距这对看似矛盾的命题可以并行不悖.而来自2003、2006和2008年全国综合社会调查数据的证据表明,近十年来职位隔离对男女收入差距的作用上升,超过三分之一的性别收入差距是由于女性集中于职位“金字塔”结构的底端.因此,缩小男女收入差距,必须促进女性职业地位的上升.

Hierarchical Earnings Stratification and Gender Segregation

This article aims to analyze the gender segmentation by positions to provide a new perspective for the gender hierarchical segregation and its effects on male-female earnings differentials in urban China. The data of enterprises survey in 1978,1986 and 1988 indicate that there exists hierarchical segregation within organizations before market reform, women concentrated in the lower ranks such as manual and service jobs while men were more likely to occupy the top positions. The vertical gender separation brought about the co-existence of the horizontal salary pays and the gender income gap contradictorily. However, the data form China General Social Survey in 2003, 2006 and 2008 indicate that the gender separations in positions dramatically enlarged the gender income gap, the female＇s location in the bottom of position pyramid can account for more than one third of the total gender income gap. Clearly the key to narrow the gender income gap is to help the rising of female of the vocational ranks.