荀子“明于天人之分”的双层意蕴

在对荀子天人关系的解读中,多数学者认为荀子是主张天人分途的,这种观点只看到了问题的一个方面;荀子"明于天人之分"有它的双层意蕴:在道德层面上,天德即人德,是天人合一的;在治理的层面上,治乱的根本在人不在天,又是天人相分的。荀子的天人合一是天道和人道的合一。荀子为天赋与道德的属性,一方面是为他的人德建立一个形上的基础,另一方面为他的道德修养方法提供依据;荀子的天人观已经摆脱了"天尊人卑"和"君命天授"的传统观念,建立了天人相分的自然天人观。天人相分使天失去了赏善罚恶的决定权,天有天职,人有人职。国家的治乱从根本上说,并非取决于天而是取决人,天和人在国家治理中的角色必须是分开的。

The Double Implication of Xunzi's Idea of Heaven - Human Relationship

As for the relationship between the Heaven and the Human of Xunzi, most scholars think that they are unrelated. This view shows only one side of the Xunzi＇s idea which has double implications. On the moral level, they are the common. On the level of governance, they are different. According to Xunzi, the Heaven is moral and it creates a basis for human moral at- tribute. On the other hand, it provides a basis for human＇s moral training. Xunzi＇s concept of Heaven has shaken off the tradi- tional concept of ＂Heaven＇s superiority to human＂ and ＂the Emperor＇s Power from the heaven＂. The concept of ＂the separation between heaven and human＂ suggests that the Heaven has no right to punish or award the Human. The role of the Heaven and the Human being in the governance must be separated. We must depend on ourselves not the Heaven for a good life.