人类学视野下的哈尼/阿卡农耕文化探析

人类农耕文化是先人的智慧和结晶,也是先人的伟大创造。哈尼/阿卡①农耕文化是在原始采集、狩猎、游牧、游耕等的基础上发展而成的。他们在漫长的历史发展过程中,用自己勤劳的双手和聪明的才智,创造了光辉灿烂的农耕文化。这些独特的农耕文化,在世界农耕文明的史册中,占有不可替代的位置。今天的农耕文化若能传之后世,也会成为后世的文化遗产。东南亚是梯田农耕文化的发源地,而哈尼/阿卡先民是梯田农耕文化的创始者之一。本文重点阐述云南与中南半岛哈尼/阿卡人从原始采集到梯田农耕文化的创造、利用和发展历程,同时揭示哈尼/阿卡人梯田农耕文化管理系统的奥秘。

The Farming Culture of the Hani/Akha Ethnicity from the Perspective of Anthropology

Farming culture is the wisdom and achievement as well as the great creation of our ancestors.The farming culture of Hani/Akha nationality has evolved from original collection,hunting,nomadic life and slash-and-burn cultivation.In the long course of historical development,the people of Hani/Akha have created a splendid farming culture with their own diligence and wisdom.The farming culture,with its unique characteristics,plays an irreplaceable role in the farming civilization of the world.It would be a legacy for later generations if it could be passed on from generation to generation.Southeast Asia is the birthplace of terraced farming,and Hani/Aka people are one of the introducers of the terraced farming civilization.This paper not only focuses on the creation,utilization and evolution of the terraced farming civilization of the Hani/Akha people in Yunnan and Indo China Peninsula,but also reveals the mysteries of the management system of the terraced farming civilization of the Hani/Akha people.