理性主义与神秘主义的纠结——叔本华与早期维特根斯坦的比较研究

在叔本华和早期维特根斯坦的哲学中,都存在着一种理性主义与神秘主义的纠结,这种纠结来源于西方的经验主义和宗教这两个传统。叔本华和早期维特根斯坦企图通过划清界限彻底区分理性主义和神秘主义,结果却发现理性主义和神秘主义其实反映了同一世界的不同方面。理性主义与神秘主义的纠结与唯我论密切相关,只有摆脱唯我论,回到生活世界之中才能使其问题得到解决。叔本华和早期维特根斯坦由此背离了西方的柏拉图主义传统和基督教传统,这一转向分别启发了尼采、海德格尔和后期维特根斯坦重新思考哲学和宗教的意义。

The Entanglement of Rationalism and Mysticism:A Comparative Study of Schopenhauer and Early Wittgenstein

There is an entanglement in the philosophy of Schopenhauer and early Wittgenstein. It stems from the tradition of Western empiricism and religion. Schopenhauer and early Wittgenstein want to distinguish rationalism from mysticism by drawing a clear line of demarcation. As a result, they find that rationalism and mysticism reflect the different respects of the same world. The entanglement of rationalism and mysticism is related to solipsism. Only by casting off solipsism and returning to the life-world, can we solve its problem. So Schopenhauer and early Wittgenstein deviate from the tradition of Platonism in Western philosophy, and inspire Nietzsche, Heidegger and later Wittgenstein to re-think what is the significance of philosophy and religion.