1956年前后中共党内对知识分子认识的分歧及其反思

1956年前后,中共党内高层对知识分子问题的认识和政策经历了一个复杂曲折的过程。党内以周恩来为代表的高层对知识分子的认识和政策不能为毛泽东所完全认同。毛泽东基于他的知识分子的“皮毛论”观点,注重从世界观上根本改造知识分子,倾向于培养无产阶级自己的知识分子。周恩来注重从知识分子的功能和国家建设的需要来看待和改造知识分子。“皮毛论”观点具有历史局限性,且易为现实所利用和扭曲。现代社会应大力提倡知识分子具有更多的公共性,同时尊重他们的相对独立性。 

The Dissension and Introspection about Intelligentsia Issue in CCP around 1956

Around 1956, the views and policies towards intelligentsia among the high-level leaders in Chinese Communist Party (CCP) had been gone through a complicated process.Mao cannot completely agree with those views and policies made by the high-level CCP leaders represented by Zhou Enlai.On the one hand, based on Mao’s “Epidermis Hair Thought” on intelligentsia, he emphasized the fundamental converting of their world outlook, and the training for the proletarian intelligentsia;on the other hand, Zhou suggested to treat and convert intelligentsia considering their utility and potential contribution to the national development. “Epidermis Hair Thought” has its historic limitation, and easily been distorted and used under practical circumstances.Modern society needs to call for the public character of intelligentsia and meanwhile respect their relative independence.