政府公共危机管理比较研究——以卡特里娜和桑迪飓风为例

近年来,公共危机发生呈常态化趋势,相应的政府公共危机管理能力也成为评价政府能力的重要指标。通过对比卡特里娜和桑迪飓风发生时美国政府不同的表现,特别从灾前应急准备、府际间合作协调机制、社会心理调控机制三个方面剖析应对的策略,认为美国政府在应对桑迪飓风时在这三个方面都有改进并取得了不错的结果。提出其对中国政府危机管理的两点启示,即建立常设的全国性应急管理体系和利用新媒体建立完善的社会心理调控机制。

Public Crisis Management Analysis: Based on Comparison between Hurricane Katrina and Sandy

Recently, along with the tendency of normalization in occurrence of public crisis,the capability of government managing crisis has become one of important evaluation indicators. This article reviews the different strategies, especially from the aspects of emergency preparedness before disasters,intergovernmental and cross'agencies cooperation mechanism and social psychological regulation mechanism, adopted by U.S. government between hurricane Katrina and Sandy to draw a conclusion that U.S. government improved all three aspects and obtained better results of coping with hurricane Sandy. Finally, this essay points out two revelations to public crisis management in China,which are building normalized national emergency management system and constructing perfect social psychological regulation mechanism with the help of new media.