"说故事"的历史学和历史知识大众文化化

历史学是说故事的陈述之学,它讲道理,但表达方法是寓论于史,并非以讲求哲理、规律为特色.因此,历史学不宜放弃陈述之学的特征,而失去自身的特点和价值.历史学在19～20世纪之交告别传统的历史编纂学,实证史学与阶级论史学迭居主流地位;20世纪末文化史和社会史的兴起,呈方兴未艾之势,可能会由此走向整体史的新史学,因而社会史成为实证史学、阶级论史学向整体史过渡的中间形态.史学特征及其发展历程表明,史学功能应当而且正在转换由政治教化转向社会文化,研究成果由大众分享实现历史知识大众文化化--历史研究走近古人生活世界,文学作品贴近今人生活.为此,文学著作应有大众文化的表达方式,以适应现代社会的要求.就此而言,社会史研究赋予史学新的生命力.史学知识大众文化化,对史学工作者的专业要求会更高,并且需要继续克服居高临下的对待读者大众的态度.

History and Historical Knowledge as Well as Popular Culture of "Telling Stories"

History should be telling stories. At the turn of the late 1800s and the early 1900s, history said good-bye to its tradition of editing and took a new look. Now the function of history is changing. Historical works should be close to the life of modern people and have expressive ways that all people accept so that they can adapt themselves to the demands of modern society. Accordingly, history researchers should change their attitudes towards history readers.