心慕“神韵派” 诗多“杜陵篇”——论启蒙思想家郑观应的诗艺与诗观

郑观应的诗作多为"直记其事"的"杜陵篇",而非意在言外的神韵诗;郑观应的以书写"诗史"自命的批判现实主义创作精神与他熟稔于心的"神韵派"诗论存在多重差异与对立,这种对立并不意味着郑观应在诗学观上的自相矛盾,只是凸显了艺术理想与现实需要的差距。郑观应深知自己的诸多救世诗难称大雅之作,但出于"救国苦心",他还是要以诗的形式"大声疾呼",以达到启蒙醒世的功利目的。这正是少学老庄、"不愿封侯愿学仙"的郑观应的无奈,也是他的伟大之处。他本可自度,却不满足于自度,他还要救世度人;他本可唯美,却不甘于唯美,他还要以诗劝世。这种情况可以称之为救亡压倒了审美。也就是说,郑观应出于"为人生"的目的,而在一定程度上搁置了他的诗学理想,其仁心侠义,足当诗侠之誉。

The Artistry and Poetics of ZHENG Guan-ying,an Enlightening Thinker

Unlike the implied poetry of Shenyun,Most of ZHENG Guan-ying’s poems are straight depiction just like the style of Du Fu’ poems.There are multiple difference and opposition between his spirit of critical realistic creation of "poetic history" and the poetics of "Shenyun School" clinging to his heart.However,the opposition does not mean that ZHENG Guan-ying stultified himself in his Poetics,but highlights the gap between artistic ideal and actual demand.ZHENG Guan-ying clearly knew that his salvation-poems were not elegant works,but out of his patriotism,he still made use of the form of poetry to achieve the utilitarian purpose of enlightenment.For the above reason,ZHENG Guan-ying was a helpless,but great man who would like to admire LAO Zi and ZHUANG Zi.He preferred save others to salve himself.Besides,he would tend to the Aestheticism,but he Urged the world.This situation can be called "the salvation overwhelms the aesthetic".Namely,proceeded from the purpose of "for life",he laid aside his poetic ideal to a certain extent.Therefore,he deserved the reputation of "the Poetic Knight".