在共同体视阈下寻找有效的村民自治单元

依据滕尼斯的共同体理论，共同体内部因存在着共同地缘、共同血缘、共同文化和共同利益等有机的自治元素，从而起到维系共同体发展的作用。中国经由传统社会长期发展而成的自然村落，因同样具备上述因素而具有自治功能，可视做一种“自在型共同体”和“自治共同体”。村民自治制度作为国家行政管理与社群自治的统一，在其发展过程中出现了自治属性愈益萎缩、行政属性愈益扩张从而导致村民自治“悬空”的状态。其中一个重要原因，根源于“建构型共同体”---行政村这一村民自治单元与自治共同体基础的脱节。各地相继出现的地方性改革和实践，说明村民自治发展已进入探寻自治内在动力的第三阶段。其发展的理想标的应是自治功能与行政功能兼顾的模式。

Searching for Effective Villager Autonomy Unit from the Community Perspective

Based on the Ferdinand Tnnies theory of Community,there exist common geopolitical,com-mon blood,common culture and common interests,and other organic autonomous elements within a com-munity,and they play different roles in maintaining community development.Chinese natural villages e-volved from the traditional society have the above-mentioned factors and thus have self-governing func-tion,and can be viewed as“a nature-type community”and“an autonomous community”.As a combina-tion of state administration and the community autonomy,the villager autonomy system has demonstrated a trend that autonomy property increasingly shrinking and administration property increasingly expanding in the process of its development,resulting in “a vacant state”of villagers autonomy.A major cause of this phenomenon is the villagers autonomy unit has been separated from the village community.The re-forms and practices on villager autonomy have shown that it has entered the third stage to explore the in-herent power of autonomy;and the ideal model should be both functional and administrative autonomy.