Early cognitive skills of Mexican-origin children: The roles of parental nativity and legal status |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Sociology, 211 Oswald Tower, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;2. Department of Health Policy and Administration, 604 Ford Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA;1. Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland;2. Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland;3. UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland;4. National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland;5. UCD Centre for Human Reproduction Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland;6. Royal Jubilee Maternity Hospital, Belfast, Ireland;7. University College Cork, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland;8. Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland;9. Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland;1. Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Parma, Italy;2. Clinical Trials Coordinating Center, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Firenze, Italy;3. Oncologia Medica, AORN Cardarelli, Napoli, Italy;4. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale della Versilia, Lido di Camaiore, Italy;5. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Campo di Marte, Lucca;6. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, Brindisi, Italy and IRCCS, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milano, Italy;7. IRCCS, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy;8. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Businco, Cagliari, Italy;9. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Civile, Cremona, Italy;10. Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Perugia, Italy;11. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Santa Maria delle Croci, Ravenna, Italy;12. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Civile, Livorno, Italy;13. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Civile Umberto I, Lugo di Romagna, Italy;14. Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;15. Oncologia Medica, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy;16. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Sant''Orsola, Bologna, Italy;1. Department of Finance, Operations, and Information Systems, Goodman School of Business, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada;2. Department of Marketing, International Business, and Strategy, Goodman School of Business, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada;1. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;2. Department of Population Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;3. Geisinger Center for Health Research, Danville, Pennsylvania;4. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;1. Office of Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China;2. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China |
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| Abstract: | Although one-third of children of immigrants have undocumented parents, little is known about their early development. Using data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey and decennial census, we assessed how children's cognitive skills at ages 3 to 5 vary by ethnicity, maternal nativity, and maternal legal status. Specifically, Mexican children of undocumented mothers were contrasted with Mexican children of documented mothers and Mexican, white, and black children with U.S.-born mothers. Mexican children of undocumented mothers had lower emergent reading skills than all other groups and lower emergent mathematics skills than all groups with U.S.-born mothers. Multilevel regression models showed that differences in reading skills are explained by aspects of the home environment, but the neighborhood context also matters. Cross-level interactions suggest that immigrant concentration boosts emergent reading and mathematics skills for children with undocumented parents, but does not similarly benefit children whose parents are native born. |
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| Keywords: | Children Cognitive skills Mexican Immigrants Undocumented Neighborhood |
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