Measuring students' school context exposures: A trajectory-based approach |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoukian Str., 0025 Yerevan, Armenia;2. Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoukian Str., 0025 Yerevan, Armenia |
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Abstract: | Studies of school effects on children's outcomes usually use single time-point measures. I argue that this approach fails to account for (1) age-based variation in children's sensitivity to their surroundings; (2) differential effects stemming from differences in the length of young people's exposures; and (3) moves between contexts and endogenous changes over time within them. To evaluate the merits of this argument, I specify and test a longitudinal model of school effects on children's academic performance. Drawing on recent advances in finite mixture modeling, I identify a series of distinct school context trajectories that extend across a substantial portion of respondents' elementary and secondary school years. I find that these trajectories vary significantly with respect to shape, with some students experiencing significant changes in their environments over time. I then show that students' trajectories of exposure are related to their 8th grade achievement, even after controlling for point-in-time measures of school context. |
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Keywords: | School effects Achievement Longitudinal latent class analysis |
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