Gender and homosexuality attitudes across religious groups from the 1970s to 2014: Similarity,distinction, and adaptation |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;2. National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA;1. Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, 2-1 Naka, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8603, Japan;2. Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No. 4, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia;1. University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Psychology, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada;2. University of Toronto, Department of Psychology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;3. Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;4. University of Rochester, Department of Psychiatry, Rochester, NY, USA |
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| Abstract: | This study uses General Social Survey data to compare gender and homosexuality across American religious groups from the 1970s to 2014, examining three possible patterns for how evangelical attitudes relate to those of other groups: (1) they are similar; (2) they are different, but move together over time; (3) they are different and converge or diverge over time. Evangelical gender attitudes regarding work and family issues are more conservative than those of all other groups, but are adaptive to broad trends, changing at a rate similar to those of other groups. Evangelical attitudes toward the morality of homosexuality and same-sex marriage are more conservative than those of all other religious groups, and their rate of change is slower over time. Separate trends on the two issues suggest that gender and sexuality attitude change is decoupled, especially among evangelicals who are adapting more on gender while increasingly distinguishing themselves on same-sex relationships. A three-stage process of religious tension appears to characterize evangelical identity-building: (1) similarity, (2) distinction, and (3) adaptation. |
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| Keywords: | Public opinion Attitudes Religion Gender roles Same-sex marriage Morality of homosexuality Symbolic boundaries Culture Identity |
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