论非法经营罪“情节严重”认定标准的重构

1997年刑法修订时并未明确规定非法经营罪"情节严重"的具体认定标准,随后司法解释对该罪中的"情节严重"设定了一系列标准。由于"情节严重"在四要件下犯罪论体系地位不明确,司法解释采用了混合认定模式致使其认定标准设计不合理。这导致实践中预防刑要素和责任刑要素功能异化、责任刑要素与预防刑要素混同化、司法实践认定标准机械化、罪的界限模糊化等问题。"情节严重"不仅是犯罪构成要件,而且是违法构成要件要素。基于此地位,在对"情节严重"认定标准进行重构时应将主观要素、预防刑要素、恶劣社会影响要素剔除,同时增加商品流通与否、市场失序的原因、对象受害程度、行为性质边界等要素。

On the Reconstruction of the Elements of Serious Circumstances in Illegal Business Crime

In 1997,when the criminal law was amended,the specific criteria for determining the "severe circumstances"of illegal business crime were not clearly defined. Subsequently, the judicial interpretation set a series of standards for the "serious circumstances". Since the"serious circumstances"are not clear in the four elements, the judicial interpretation adopts the mixed identification mode, which makes the design of identification criteria unreasonable. This leads to the following problems: the emergence of the preventive criminal elements and the responsible criminal elements in practice, the abnormal functions of preventive punishment and responsible punishment, mistaking responsible punishment elements for the preventive ones, mechanicalizing the identification criteria for judicial practice, and blurring the boundaries of crime."Serious circumstances" are not only an important constituent of crime, but also a constituent of illegality. Based on this status, subjective elements, preventive elements ,and bad social influence elements should be excluded when reconstructing the "serious circumstances" criteria, and the reasons for the circulation of goods, the cause of market disorder, the degree of victimization, and the boundary of behavioral nature should be taken into consideration.