从进攻性的心理战到渐进的文化渗透--评冷战初期美国对苏东宣传政策的演变

进攻性心理战与文化渗透是冷战初期美国对苏东地区的两种不同策略,民主德国骚乱暴露了心理战的内在矛盾,美国不得不改弦易辙,在苏联的对外政策出现松动的情况下,转向了文化渗透演变战略,波匈事件后这种演变战略完全定型。1958年美苏双方达成的文化协议奠定了美国对苏东地区文化渗透的合法基础。此后文化渗透战略被美国历届政府延续下来,最终在苏东剧变中扮演了重要的角色。

From Aggressive Psywar to Gradual Cultural Infiltration--A Critical Review of the Evolution of the US Cultural Infiltration Strategy against the USSR and the Eastern Bloc at the Beginning of the Cold War

The aggressive psywar and cultural infltration were America's two different stratgies against the USSR and the Eastern bloc. The Soviet intervention of Hungarian Revolt in 1956 re- vealed the limitations of the psywar. The US had to seek a new strategy of cultural infiltration. The 1958 cultural agreement between the two superpowers happened to give legitimacy to the US cultural infiltration, which, as a long-term strategy, was carried on by every administration of the US govern- ment, and ultimately led to the disintegration of the USSR and the Eastern bloc.