超越职业伦理： 媒体自律的真正基础

从社会信息交往的整体视角和自律的基本内涵来看，媒体自律的真正基础在于个体道德的自由和觉醒。在社会转型和道德混乱的特定时期，个人被赤裸裸地抛离出来，直面自己的处境，重新思考原初的道德自我，应对他人的召唤。个体的道德觉醒为我们提供了重建社会秩序的基本思路。首先，个体道德为公共生活的建构提供了原初动力。其次，个体道德为社会结构提供了基本评价与调整原则。再次，个人道德判断内含普遍性和公共价值。最后，个体道德总是导向人类共在的整体视野。因此，人们应该持续探询自我道德之源，在此基础上努力创制一条更好的由个人道德通往良善公共生活之路。这也是未来媒介和传播教育的发展方向。

Beyond Professional Ethic: The Moral Foundation of Media Self-discipline

At present， the Chinese mass media are suffering serious crisis of confidence because of anomie. A typical case is ″New Express reporter taking bribes event″ in 2013. It is widely believed that the media should strengthen self-discipline. However， based on analysis of the social structure， Chinese media lack of real independence. The News media also lack relatively complete legal norms and ethics. And traditional media are facing the grim challenge of existence， cannot consider ethical issues. So，the root of the media anomie are the changes of social system and information ecology. These transformations also are changing the rules of the media ″self″. We have to in-depth study the possibility and real connotation of ″media self-discipline″． In fact， the media self-discipline arises from a large number of social interactions between individuals. These communication activities are the basis for the community. This is similar to the floating ″molecular cloud″， the future is not clear， at this moment， the value and significance of existence are located between the ″molecules″: close， collision or far away from each other. If people are too dense， molecular cloud will collapse. If people are too distant， it will dissipate. Society is a kind of self-discipline efforts to maintain the delicate balance of molecular cloud. Self-discipline is also a kind of individual initiative ability derived from moral intuitions． Charles Taylor believed that the individual moral intuition is the inner voice. Listening to the voice， people can know right or wrong， and the more important thing is to keep contact with true moral self. Kant early had called this moral ability ″self-discipline″. He had asserted that self-discipline is derived from free will， belongs to a congenital and synthetical judgment. However， Kant had gave the concept（self-discipline）too many privileges and made it empty. Emmanuel Levinas had described a moral attitude: facing the need of others. The idea liberates the theory of Kant's self-discipline， explain the basic motivation of moral behavior， also had expressed the final frontier of individual moral: endless moral inquire for others． So， the real foundation of media self-regulation is that individual moral awakening. In the specific period of social transformation and moral confusion， people have to face their situation. Facing others and rediscovering their moral self would help social reconstruction. First， Individual morality is the original source of power in public life. Secondly， Individuals have value of basic moral judgment and adjustment for human society. Third， People's moral judgments have universality and convergence. Finally， Individual moral always leads to the possibility of a kind of common human life. Therefore， we need to continue to explore the source of human morality， and to find a better way to build a good public life. This is also the direction of the future media and communication education．