从挪威的中文教学状况看海外中文教学的得与失

挪威的中文教学分官方办学和民间办学。奥斯陆大学是官方办学的代表，其成功经验是由政府资助学生到中国学习中文、充分利用多媒体教学和网络资源；不足之处是中文师资短缺、学习时间不能保证和缺少语言环境。民间中文学校的成功经验是多数学生在家庭中有较好的中文学习氛围，不足之处是师资短缺、学习时间不足、外部语言环境不好、语音受方言的影响较大和汉字书写、中文阅读和写作能力的不足。解决上述不足的方法有：积极派出对外汉语教师、加强对海外中文教学的专业性指导和教师培训、提供资金支持、大力推进汉语教学网络的建设和加强适憧海外汉语教学的教材编写工作。

Success and Shortage of Chinese Teaching Abroad as Seen from Situation of Chinese Teaching in Norway

In Norway, Chinese teaching is operated by both governmental and non-governmental schools. The University of Oslo is one of the representatives of the governmental Chinese teaching organizations, whose success is realized by subsidizing students to study in China and making full use of multimedia and internet in teaching. Its deficiency lies in the shortage of teachers, study time and language environment. On the contrary, the success of non-governmental schools is due to the students＂ good learning environment at home, while their deficiency also lies in the shortage of teachers, study time, poor language environment outside, bad influence by local accents, and poor capacity in Chinese reading and writing. To conquer these problems, several solutions are presented in this paper, such as sending more Chinese teachers abroad, reinforcing professional training, subsidizing and establishing Chinese teaching networks, and improving the quality of textbook-compiling.