三国时期的社会保障举措初探

三国时期,各国统治者为了缓和社会矛盾,采取实行社会保障的调控措施,即政府赏赐、社会优待抚恤和社会赈济等。政府赏赐指对国家作出贡献的官吏给予奖赏;抚恤指对立功及捐躯者家属进行抚恤慰问;社会赈济指对受灾地区的救济扶贫等。这一措施进展的如何,是衡量当时经济发展的天然尺度。值得关注的是,三国统治者在实行这些措施时,吸取了东汉末期的赏赐唯亲的教训,反映了社会进步的公平本质。

A Tentative Study on the Social Security Measures in Three Kingdoms Period

During Three Kingdoms Period,in order to ease the social conflicts,the rulers took social security control measures,namely the government rewarding,social preferential treatment and pension,social relief and so on.The officials who had made contributions to the country were rewarded;the families’ members of the meritorious persons or the martyrs were compensated and comforted;the social relief refers to the remedies and poverty alleviation in the disaster-affected areas.The social security measure is a natural scale to measure the economic development at that time.In applying these measures,the rulers drew lessons from the Eastern Han Dynasty,which reflected the social progress.