不作为的共同正犯问题研究

德日刑法理论中对于不作为的共同正犯的研究,存在"全面肯定说"、"全面否定说"和"限定肯定说"三种观点,其中限定肯定说最为合理。真正不作为犯之间能够成立共同正犯。不真正不作为犯中,不作为与不作为之间也能成立共同正犯,至于不作为和作为能否结合成立共同正犯,则应视不同情况区别对待。凡是对正犯的不作为的参与,原则上都应当是帮助犯,没有成立作为与不作为相结合的共同正犯的余地。但是,在特殊情况下,如果缺乏不作为者的不作为,犯罪就无法实现,即作为与不作为可以作出刑法上的平行评价时,也可以成立共同正犯。

On the Joint Omission Principal Offender

There have existed some disputations on how to define joint omission principal offenders.By a detailed analysis of three standpoints(complete affirmation,complete disaffirmation,and restrictive affirmation),this paper points out that typical omission can make a joint principal offence,non-typical omission can also make a joint principal offence.However,in such situation a case-by-case study is necessary.Meanwhile,it is required to distinguish omission joint principal offenders from omission accessory offenders.Generally speaking,under the circumstance that an offender single-handedly commits a crime,another in general is not involved in the commitment directly,then,the committer should be regarded as a principal offender,and the non-committer can be seen as an accessory.However,in some special situations,without the omission of the non-committer,the crime will not be performed,and in this case,the non-committer can be considered jointly principal when making parallel measurements according to criminal law.