两晋宗室司衮要论

两晋宗室任诸公者均爵为诸王,高官、高爵形成对应,且宗室担任诸公呈现明显的阶段性特征。西晋宗室任职八公者多为勋旧贤能、望实俱显者,东晋宗室任职诸公者多因地近属尊,以亲亲司衮。西晋宗室任职八公者大都兼领实职,尤其永熙后多以衮职或参与中央决策、或出任要州都督,且屡有以诸公专断朝政者。相较西晋,东晋宗室任职诸公者人数锐减,任职时间缩短。西晋时期,宗室诸王、宣帝旁系诸王担任八公者人数、任职时间均多于武帝嫡系诸王,东晋时期则是元帝系诸王担任八公者人数、任职时间皆占多数。凡此种种,对两晋政治格局变动产生了重要影响。

On the Appointment of Imperial Clansmen as Eight Dukes during the West and East Jin Dynasties

hrough the examination of the facts that the imperial clansmen of the West and East Jin were appointed as eight dukes,the paper comes to a conclusion that the imperial clansmen of the West and East Jin as dukes are granted the title of king,the dignitary corresponds with the high nobility,and the appointment of imperial clansmen as dukes takes on phased characteristics.The imperial clansmen of the West Jin as eight dukes mostly were of great reputation and ability,while those of the East Jin were appointed as dukes based on the consanguinity;the former mostly part time assumed the substantive post,especially after Yongxi（290 A.D）,as the dukes,they participated in the decision-making of the central court or were appointed the commander-in-chief of the important military area,and repeatedly the dukes made an arbitrary decision in the court politics.Comparing with it,the amount of appointment of the imperial clansmen of the East Jin as dukes was reduced and the period of commission was shortened.During the period of the West Jin,the kings of imperial clansmen and the collateral consanguinity of Emperor XUAN have the advantage over the lineal consanguinity of Emperor WU in the appointment as eight dukes and the period of commission;while during the period of the East Jin,the kings of the lineal consanguinity of Emperor YUAN were in the majority.All these have made an important influence on the political situation of the West and East Jin.