乡村发展的空间分异及其治理

乡村空间均衡布局已是衡量乡村发展水平的重要标准，更是实现乡村全面振兴的重要基石。然而，基于乡村发展实践发现，乡村发展仍存在人口空间的离农不离村、土地空间的无序使用、产业空间的利益分离以及公共服务空间的布局失衡等分异问题。究其原因，乡村发展空间分异的形成与乡村发展结构的变迁有着直接联系，多重压力下的理性选择、乡村土地规制措施乏力、农民难以共享产业收益、乡村公共服务的城镇取向等都是导致乡村发展空间分异的重要原因。文章由此提出以机会公平双向保障农民进城返乡、以规范管理完善乡村土地使用规制政策、以价值共创构建乡村产业利益共享机制以及因地制宜地打造富有乡村特色的公共服务体系的治理策略，以真正破解乡村发展的空间分异以及实现乡村全面振兴。

The Spatial Differentiation and Governance of Rural Development

The balanced layout of rural space is not only an important criterion for measuring rural development, but also an important cornerstone for achieving comprehensive rural revitalization. Based on the practice of rural development, it has been found that there are still differentiation problems in rural development, such as population space being separated from agriculture and villages, disorderly use of land space, separation of interests in industrial space, and imbalanced layout of public service space. The formation of spatial differentiation in rural development is directly related to the changes in rural development structure. Rational choices under multiple pressures, weak rural land regulation measures, difficulties for farmers to share industrial benefits, and the urban orientation of rural public services are all important reasons that lead to spatial differentiation in rural development. Therefore, it is proposed that governance strategies such as ensuring equal opportunities for farmers to return to cities, improving rural land use regulations through standardized management, constructing a mechanism for sharing rural industrial interests through value co creation, and creating a public service system with rural characteristics tailored to local conditions can truly solve the spatial differentiation of rural development and achieve comprehensive rural revitalization.