汉语双数量词构式研究

运用构式语法可以对现代汉语中的一些特殊句子(如“一锅饭吃十个人”)作出新的概括和解释。这类句子例示或详述的是双数量词构式。此构式的形式为 :含数量词的名词短语1 +动词 +含数量词的名词短语2 ,构式义为量供求平衡 ,即可供给量大于或等于需求量 ,供求相抵 ,需求得到满足。局部构式义的激活和表征涉及具体的转喻和隐喻 ,而构式的整体认知运作与容器概念隐喻有关。双数量词构式对进入其内的概念实体有约束和压制作用。构式凌驾于动词原义之上 ,对与构式义相违的动词实行禁入 ,对其他动词有一定的宽容和妥协。运用言语使用理论可对此构式的形成和使用加以解释。引入这一构式有助于解释汉语学界长期讨论的两个问题 :主宾的可易性和施事宾语问题。

On Double-Numeral-Classifier Construction in Chinese

Construction Grammar regards some modern Chinese sentences, such as "A pot of rice eat ten people", as related to a cognitive construction, called Double-Numeral-Classifier Construction. The sentences in the construction are its instantiations and elaborations. The construction takes on the form of NP, + V + NPz and its constructional meaning denotes ' supply-and-demand balance in quantity , i. e. the supply denoted by NP, is equal to, or greater than, the demand denoted by NPz, hence the demand satisfied and balance achieved. The activation and representation of partial constructional meaning necessitate metonymy or metaphor in individual cases, whereas the general construal of the construction is related to the conceptual container metaphor. The construction imposes constraint or coercion on entities that enter it. The constructional meaning overrides the original meaning of verbs, in such a way that semantically incompatible verbs are denied access to it and other verbs are shown some tolerance and offered a compromise. The formation and use of the construction can be explained with the Usage-based Model. The present study also sheds light on the two topics heatedly discussed in Chinese linguistics circles: subject- object reversibility and agent as object.