中古文论中的“则天”思想

中古文论中有较明显的“则天”思想，这突出体现在论证过程和论证标准两方面。在论述过程中，不主要依靠逻辑推理，而是将所论内容与天象建立联系，通过证明自己的观点与自然界中的客观物象相符，来证明人事行为是“则天”而来，所以合理而不容置疑。在论证标准上，以是否符合天象或“与天互感”来判断作品优劣，能够“动天地，感鬼神”的作品是最好的作品。“法圣”和“宗经”都是“则天”的中间环节，因为圣人“则天”，而“经”又是圣人之言。这是古代“天人感应”的哲学思想在我国文论中的体现。

PAN Wei-li

The ideology of “Heaven rule” is obviously present in the Chinese literary theories of middle ancient times which is embodied in the process and standard of literary argumentation. In the process of elaboration, the ancient Chinese does not rely on logical reasoning, but find a link between the content and the heaven. They tried to prove that human behavior was a product of Heaven rule by proving the coincident agreement between man’s idea and the objective phenomena in nature. In terms of the standard of argumentation, the literary work was judged by whether it conformed to the Heaven or whether it echoed to the Heaven. So, it sounded reasonable and unquestionable. Both learning sages and classics are the intermediate links of the Heaven rule because the sage rule the heaven and the classics are the words of the sage. This is the reflection of the ancient " heaven-human interaction " philosophy in China’s literary theories